Hospitalization Due to Acute Coronary Syndrome and Myocarditis in Patients Under 45 Years Old: A Single-Center Coronary Care Unit Retrospective Analysis of Hospitalizations Before, During, and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic 45 Yaş Altı Hastalarda Akut Koroner Sendrom ve Miyokardit Nedeniyle Hastaneye Yatış: COVID-19 Pandemisi Öncesi, Sırası ve Sonrasına Ait Tek Merkezli Koroner Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi Retrospektif Yatış Kayıtları

Demirci M., Özben B., Yurdabakan S., Aktaş İ. İ., Çetin A. E., Bilgin Y. E., ...More

Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi, vol.53, no.4, pp.254-262, 2025 (ESCI) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 53 Issue: 4
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.5543/tkda.2025.93630
  • Journal Name: Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi
  • Journal Indexes: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, Central & Eastern European Academic Source (CEEAS), Directory of Open Access Journals, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
  • Page Numbers: pp.254-262
  • Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome, Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, COVID-19 vaccine, myocarditis
  • Marmara University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Objective: Whether Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and vaccination contribute to the development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or myocarditis, particularly in young adults, remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the hospitalization rates for ACS and myocarditis in patients under 45 years of age during the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. Method: This retrospective, single-center study included 944 patients under the age of 45 who were admitted to the coronary care unit with a diagnosis of ACS or myocarditis. Patients were categorized into three groups based on admission periods: pre-pandemic (January 2019 to March 31, 2020), pandemic (April 1, 2020 to September 30, 2022), and post-pandemic (October 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023). Results: There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients under 45 years old among total coronary care unit admissions across the three periods (12.9% vs 11.0% vs. 11.8%, respectively; P = 0.134). Similarly, although a slight increase was observed in the proportion of myocarditis cases relative to ACS over time, the difference was not statistically significant (29.9% vs. 70.1%, 32.0% vs. 68.0%, and 34.2% vs. 65.8%, respectively; P = 0.600). The rate of myocarditis was comparable between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients, with no significant differences based on vaccine types. Conclusion: Hospitalization rates for ACS and myocarditis among patients under 45 years of age at our center were similar across the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic periods. These findings support previous studies suggesting no association between COVID-19 infection or vaccination and the occurrence of ACS or myocarditis. However, as a single-center retrospective study, our findings are limited to hospitalized cases and do not provide data on the overall incidence, prevalence, or causal relationships between these conditions and the pandemic.