The Change Model of The Relief Within The Scope Of Anthropogenic Geomorphology Using Geographical Information Systems And Remote Sensing Techniques On The Coasts of Izmit Gulf And Its Surroundings

Gelecek Vizyonlar Dergisi, cilt.8, sa.1, ss.1-17, 2024 (Hakemli Dergi)

Internal and external factors shape geomorphological elements and processes and vary temporally and spatially. However, today,

geomorphological conditions and topographic surfaces are being changed and reshaped by many anthropogenic factors such as

settlement, industry, transportation, mining, and tourism. This situation, which leads to the emergence of anthropogenic

geomorphological conditions, can be examined with different methods and techniques. This study used Geographical Information

Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques to determine the intensity of relief change within the scope of anthropogenic

geomorphology on the coasts of the Gulf of Izmıt and its immediate vicinity. The anthropogenic relief change model used in the study

consists of 6 steps. The model includes the preliminary estimation findings of the factor maps with the weighted overlay method,

Landsat satellite image analyses, photo analyses, and measurement-observation data on land and satellite images. In the study,

preliminary finding data for relief change were produced from the slope, topographic relief, land use, distance to the main road, and

road density data of the study area. Then, satellite images of 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020 were analyzed, and a relief change

intensity map of anthropogenic origin was obtained by making measurements at 60,000 points through field studies and satellite

images. The applied model determined that the intensity of relief change due to anthropogenic origin is high in 22% of the Gulf of Izmit

coasts and its immediate surroundings. The findings determined a high density of relief change in transport, industrial and residential

areas, and coastal filling areas in areas with high slope values.