Novel online-SPE configured UHPLC-MS/MS analysis to demystify the pyrrolizidine alkaloid contents of honey and bee pollen samples
Food Chemistry, cilt.493, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 493
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.145879
- Dergi Adı: Food Chemistry
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, PASCAL, Aerospace Database, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, Metadex, Veterinary Science Database, Civil Engineering Abstracts
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bee pollen, Honey, LC-MS, Online-SPE, Pyrrolizidine alkaloids
- Marmara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides (PANOs) which might be incorporated into the bee products may pose health risks for consumers. We aimed to analyze PAs of honeys and bee pollens by quantifying 28 PAs/PANOs using a novel online SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS methodology. Dilute & shoot preparation was optimized for honeys, whereas pollen PAs were extracted using ACN/McIlvaine-EDTA buffer. C18-E cartridge was employed for online analyte enrichment and clean-up. Validation results were consistent with the guideline requirements. Samples were botanically categorized and analyzed to clarify PAs' sources. Total concentrations of PAs/PANOs in honey ranged between 0.28 and 177.38 μg/kg; for bee pollens, it was found between 10.9 μg/kg to 14.543 mg/kg. The sum of PAs was higher than 500 μg/kg in 21.2 % of the pollens, which meant these samples exceeded EU criteria. Automated online-SPE strategy allowed us to integrate fast and effortless pretreatment combined with accurate and sensitive PA monitoring.