Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN LEATHER CHEMISTS ASSOCIATION, cilt.1, sa.1, ss.1-27, 2024 (SCI-Expanded)
Haloversatile
bacteria are among the other commonly found microorganisms that have the
potential to damage hides and skins in the leather industry. Therefore, the
objective of this study was to investigate the presence of haloversatile
bacteria on salted goatskins, to characterize these microorganisms through the
use of molecular and conventional test methods, to detect their impact on the
skins, and finally find an effective solution to inactivate these
microorganisms. Haloversatile bacteria were common inhabitants at salted
goatskin samples obtained from the Tuzla Organized Leather Industry Zone in
Türkiye. Total numbers of haloversatile bacteria, proteolytic haloversatile
bacteria, and lipolytic haloversatile bacteria on ten salted goatskin samples
ranged from 7×104 to 2.7×105 CFU/g, 1×104 to
8×104 CFU/g, and 1×104 to 1.3×105 CFU/g,
respectively. In the present study, 88% of the isolates were protease-positive,
69% were lipase-positive, 8% were xylanase-positive, 27% were
caseinase-positive, 23% were amylase-positive, 8% were DNase-positive, 31% were
cellulase-positive, 54% were urease-positive, 100% were catalase-positive, and
54% were oxidase-positive. The bacterial isolates showed positive reactions for
the utilization of different amino acids such as glycine, L-cysteine,
L-proline, and L-threonine, having the highest rates of 88%, 80%, 80%, and 80%,
respectively. However, L-histidine had a lower positive reaction rate of 31%.
The halophilic bacterial isolates exhibited positive reactions for the
utilization and acid production from different types of sugar, with glucose
having the highest positive reaction rate of 81%, followed by maltose at 73%,
xylose at 58%, galactose at 46%, and lactose at 42%. Haloversatile enzyme-producing bacteria were
identified using biochemical and molecular methods, resulting in the
identification of 17 different species. Micrographs obtained from the scanning
electron microscope revealed the damage inflicted on the fresh goatskin
structure by haloversatile bacteria. A direct electric current of 2.2 A was
applied to the mixed culture of haloversatile bacteria for 25 minutes to find
an effective inactivation method. The total count of the mixed culture of
haloversatile bacteria decreased from 7.3×106 CFU/mL to 4 CFU/mL
within 16 minutes. All seventeen haloversatile bacteria in the mixed culture
were killed within 19 minutes.