Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
5th INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES, İstanbul, Türkiye, 12 Ekim 2024, ss.82-89, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
Garbage trucks are primarily used within urban environments. In the context
of urban usage, electric garbage trucks offer numerous advantages over those equipped
with internal combustion engines. Foremost among these advantages is the absence of
carbon emissions. Consequently, this represents a significant step toward improving air
quality and controlling global warming. Additionally, the operation of electric vehicles is
notably quieter, playing a crucial role in reducing noise pollution in cities. The advantages
presented by electric systems enable garbage collection activities to be carried out during
early morning hours and late at night. Traditional garbage trucks require extensive
maintenance due to their daily use. However, the fewer components and simpler
mechanical structure of electric vehicles result in a significantly lower maintenance
requirement for system components. This reduces maintenance and operating costs and
increases the time the vehicle can be actively working. Since electric garbage trucks
require electric energy for all their operations, they can be charged with electricity
generated from renewable energy sources, thereby minimizing dependency on fossil
fuels. During their driving cycles, garbage trucks operate at very low speeds and must
frequently stop and go. Research indicates that, depending on the city in which they are
used, the average vehicle speed during the driving cycle of garbage trucks ranges between
5 km/h and 20 km/h (Derakhshan, 2019). The garbage truck with an internal combustion
engine operates in the most inefficient region of the driving cycle, which corresponds to
the range where the engine efficiency is 5%-15% (Ehsani et al., 2018). The efficiency of
electric motors is much higher than internal combustion engines. The electric motor does
not consume energy while the vehicle is stopped. In this way, in frequent stop-and-go
scenarios, the electric vehicle has much higher energy efficiency than the vehicle with
internal combustion engine. When the same driving cycle is applied to an electric vehicle,
the efficiency is determined to be 65%-75% (Ehsani et al., 2018, Olszowiec, 2021). As a
result of the calculations made within the scope of this study, the vehicle with internal
combustion engine consumes 3 times more energy than the electric vehicle during the
garbage truck driving cycle.