ISTVEL: Connection-Aware Microscopic Simulation Framework for Fleet Electrification and CO2 Assessment

Akıskalıoğlu E., Atmaca M.

APPLIED SCIENCES, cilt.16, sa.14, ss.6971-6994, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 16 Sayı: 14
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3390/app16146971
  • Dergi Adı: APPLIED SCIENCES
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Applied Science & Technology Source, Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Compendex, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.6971-6994
  • Marmara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Accurate fleet electrification assessment requires microscopic traffic simulation grounded in real-world demand, physics-based vehicle models, and routing that respects the lane-connection topology of urban networks. We present ISTVEL (Istanbul Simulation Tool for Vehicle Electrification), an open-source framework that ingests hourly Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IMM) loop-detector data, snaps detectors to OpenStreetMap edges, synthesises SUMO demand via a connection-graph Breadth-First Search (BFS) algorithm eliminating teleportation artifacts, and post-processes tripinfo.xml output to compute per-trip energy, use-phase CO, and energy operating cost (ECO), correctly distinguishing gross battery draw, regenerative recovery, and net grid consumption. Applied to the Kadıköy district of Istanbul (, 08:00–09:00, January 2025,  vehicles), ISTVEL demonstrates that a full battery-electric vehicle (BEV) fleet reduces use-phase (operational) CO by 80.1% and energy operating cost by 66.5% versus the internal-combustion-engine vehicle (ICEV) baseline at current Turkish grid intensity (). However, these figures reflect use-phase emissions only (tailpipe combustion for ICEV; upstream grid emissions  for BEV) and exclude vehicle manufacturing, battery production, and upstream fuel extraction. Opportunistic in-transit dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) charging at 0.5 km spacing reduces post-trip battery replenishment demand by a further 67.1%, shifting grid supply from post-trip charging to in-transit delivery; total system electricity demand (including DWPT supply) is 895.7 kWh, marginally above the plain-BEV baseline of 848.1 kWh due to charging losses at . Framework transferability is further demonstrated on the Fatih district under an identical protocol.