Optimum Selection of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Cells for Electric Vehicles

Akyildiz A., Ergun B. E., Uzun E., ZEHİR M. A., Küçüktezcan C. F., Kocaarslan İ., ...More

IEEE Access, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Publication Date: 2025
  • Doi Number: 10.1109/access.2025.3553081
  • Journal Name: IEEE Access
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Keywords: Battery aging, battery selection algorithm, electric vehicles, lithium-ion batteries, Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP)
  • Marmara University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This paper presents a systematic approach to selecting lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cells for electric vehicle (EV) applications, considering cost, volume, aging characteristics, and overall performance. A battery selection algorithm is developed to evaluate four different LFP battery cell models based on their long-term behavior in a 40 kWh battery pack. The algorithm integrates a vehicle energy consumption model, where battery performance is analyzed based on the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) over a 10-year simulated period, considering five driving cycles per day. In order to ensure a fair assessment, the model accounts for variations in battery pack weight as the sole influencing factor on vehicle dynamics. The results compare vehicle range, battery pack mass, cost, cell degradation, and volume for each battery option. The findings indicate that the A123 Systems ANR 26650m1 battery cell offers the best trade-off between longevity and cost-effectiveness, making it a highly suitable choice for durable and efficient EV battery packs. This study underscores the importance of the most suitable battery selection in designing cost-effective, long-lasting EV energy storage solutions.