Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
3rd INTERNATIONAL EURASIAN MYCOLOGY CONGRESS (EMC’22), Van, Türkiye, 7 - 09 Eylül 2022, ss.125-126, (Özet Bildiri)
Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. (Pleurotaceae) is known as oyster mushroom and is a macrofungus. The mushroom is respected to be the third largest macrofungus cultivated for nutrient and industrial goals global. It is an eatable mushroom. This mushroom grows in shelflike layers on logs or tree stumps and has excellent flavor. They have a very short lateral stalk and the mushroom caps is a like oyster shaped pileus. Pleurotus ostreatus has high protein contents. This mushroom has been found to contain vitamins B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B5 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine and B7 (biotin). Fungi of the Pleurotus genus have a significant place between the commercially utilized mushrooms because of their gastronomic, nutritional, and medicinal properties. In the human body, there is a equilibrate between the number of free radicals (hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, nitric oxide radical, hypochlorite radical, etc.) produced and antioxidants. It is necessary to enrich the diet with foods that have antioxidant effects to help the organism reduce oxidative damage. Pleurotus ostreatus has shown a wide variety of pharmacological effects such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant. Significant reduction in blood sugar level in a study in alloxan-induced diabetic rats showed that P. ostreatus is an effective antidiabetic diet. In another study, it was concluded that total polysaccharides extracted from P. ostreatus have potential antidiabetic activity and can be used for the treatment of type 2. Levostatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug, and its analogues were obtained from Pleurotus species. These are reported to be the best therapeutic agents for correcting hypercholesterolemia. This chemical substance used in San Francisco to decrease “bad” cholesterol (LDL) in hypercholesterolmic patients. In this paper, in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and anatomical properties of P. ostreatus have been estimated. Pleurotus ostreatus was collected from Bolu in 2022 and identified by Ilgaz AKATA. Dried Pleurotus ostreatus was crushed and macerated with methanol at room temperature by a mechanical mixer. The extract was filtered and evaporated by a rotary evaporator and then was dispersed with methanol: distilled water: 1:9. This extract was fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, and butanol, respectively. Assignment of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition The antidiabetic (α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities) activity of these extracts was studied. Acarbose was used as a positive control. Determination of the inhibition effect of α-amylase enzyme Nampoothiri et al. (2011) and determination of the inhibition effect of α-glucosidase enzyme Bachhawat et al. (2011) methods were modified. The total phenolic compound amount of the mushroom was determined utilizing the method developed by Folin and Denis and modified by Singleton. Gallic acid was used as the standard compound. DPPH• radical-scavenging activity. The DPPH• radical scavenging activities of the mushroom were experimented accordingly the Blois method. 1 mM DPPH• solution was utilized as a free radical, and α-tocopherol and Trolox were utilized as reference antioxidants. ABTS•+ radical-scavenging activity ABTS•+ cation radical scavenging activities were determined accordingly the investigation through Re et al. 1999. 2 mM ABTS•+ solution was utilized as free radical, and αtocopherol and Trolox were utilized as standard antioxidants. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 antimicrobial activity was applied using microorganism strains. Extracts were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/ml and moxifloxacin, ampicillin, and fluconazole utilised as reference were prepared at 128 µg/ml. The researches were made in a Jeol JSM 6490LV scanning electron microscope at the Turkish Petroleum International Company (TPAO) Research Centre SEM laboratory, Ankara. According to antioxidant studies, ethyl acetate extract displayed the best radical scavenging activity with 31.207% against ABTS (90.13% for α-tocopherol, and 96.60% for trolox) at 60 μg/mL and 4.695% against DPPH (91.96% for α-tocopherol, and 93.32 % for trolox) at 100 μg/mL. The highest phenolic content was determined in ethyl acetate extract with a 23.0 µg GAE/mg extract value. Pleurotus ostreatus n-hexane extract indicated α-amylase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 14.17 µg/mL when compared with positive control acarbose (IC50 = 38.65 µg/mL). The extracts indicated no inhibition against α-glucosidase enzyme when compared with acarbose. The n-hexane and methanol extracts of P. ostreatus indicated the best antimicrobial activity against C. albicans ATCC 10231 with MIC =125 µg/mL. According to the anatomical study, spores were not observed, but abundant crystals were present. According to the studies in the literature, there are studies on antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities. As a result of the analysis, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and alpha amylase inhibitory activity were observed, while alpha glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity was not observed. Acknowledgements: BİLGE AYDIN and Enes TEKMAN would like to thank the scholarship along their postgraduate program provided by the Turkish Scientifc and Technical Research Council (TUBITAK).
KEYWORDS: Antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, Pleurotus ostreatus