ORTO‐Measured Orthorexia Nervosa‐Related Tendencies Among Dancers Before and During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Multivariate Analysis

Karahan T. O., Kenger E. B., Tekin D., Agopyan A.

JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS, cilt.39, sa.e70324, ss.1-13, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 39 Sayı: e70324
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1111/jhn.70324
  • Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-13
  • Marmara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

ABSTRACT

Background: This study aimed to examine the changes in orthorexia nervosa (ON) tendencies among dancers at different

levels before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods: This retrospective repeated‐measures observational study included 128 professional, semi‐professional, and amateur

dancers (86 females, 42 males; 19–40 years) from various dance styles. Orthorexia nervosa tendencies before and during

COVID‐19 were assessed using ORTO‐11 and ORTO‐15. Physical activity and anthropometric data were collected for both

recalled pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods, while energy and macronutrient intakes were assessed using a retrospective 24‐h

dietary recall. Data were analyzed using paired tests, effect sizes (ES), and multivariate linear regression.

Results: During the pandemic, dancers reported approximately 50% lower weekly dance frequency and daily dance duration

than recalled pre‐pandemic values, with large and significant effect sizes. Significant decreases were observed in ORTO‐11 and

ORTO‐15 scores, indicating an increase in orthorexic tendencies. Pandemic‐period self‐reported body weight was higher than

pre‐pandemic body weight, whereas BMI did not differ significantly between the recalled pre‐pandemic and pandemic‐period

assessments. In multivariate analyses, female sex remained an independent predictor for both ORTO‐11 and ORTO‐15 scores.

Conclusions: Compared with recalled pre‐pandemic scores, pandemic‐period ORTO‐11 and ORTO‐15 scores were lower,

suggesting higher ORTO‐measured health‐oriented eating tendencies among dancers. Given the retrospective self‐report design

and the methodological limitations of ORTO‐based instruments, these findings should not be interpreted as evidence of clinical

ON prevalence or precise longitudinal change. Nevertheless, these ORTO‐measured tendencies appeared to differ not only

behaviorally but also in relation to nutrient intake patterns. Female sex was associated with pandemic‐period ORTO scores, but

this finding should be interpreted cautiously because psychological, sociocultural, and clinical variables were not assessed.