Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
3rd INTERNATIONAL EURASIAN MYCOLOGY CONGRESS (EMC’22), Van, Türkiye, 7 - 09 Eylül 2022, ss.114-115, (Özet Bildiri)
Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. is a species of fungus belonging to the family Physalaciriaceae (A. mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm. | COL, n.d.). Armillaria mellea, also called a honey mushroom, is an edible wild mushroom. To be eaten, it must be thoroughly cooked. Honey fungus, a saprophytic, mycorrhizal, and pathogenic fungus, grows on living and dead trees and decaying foodstuffs. Armillaria mellea is used in traditional medicine to treat dizziness, headache, insomnia, and numb arms and legs. In modern medicine, it has been reported that it has been effective against vertigo, aging, and allergies due to its polysaccharides. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of A. mellea were evaluated as well as phenolic compounds such as β-carotene, and lycopene. In another study, ethanol extract proved to be more effective in αglucosidase inhibition assays. Armillaria mellea aqueous extract was found to alleviate depression-like behaviors. In the literature research, it was seen that there are not many studies on mushrooms. Therefore, in this study, alpha-glucosidase, alpha-amylase, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and total phenolic compounds of Armillaria mellea were determined. Also, the anatomical properties of the mushroom spores were evaluated by electron microscope. The mushroom (50 g) was powdered and macerated with methanol at room temperature for 8 h/3 days with a mechanical mixer. The methanolic extract (18.78 g) evaporated to dryness and was dispersed in a mixture of methanol: water (1:9), then fractionated with solvents of different polarities (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol), respectively, and the subextracts obtained by evaporating with a rotatory evaporator were weighed. Determination of αamylase Enzyme Inhibition Determination of α-amylase enzyme inhibition effect Nampoothiri et al. (2011). Acarbose was used as a positive control. Determination of α-glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition assay, Bachhawat et al. (2011) method was applied by making some modifications. Acarbose was used as a positive control. Determination of Total Phenolic Component The total phenolic compound amounts of the extracts gained from the mushroom were determined utilizing the method developed by Folin and Denis and modified by Singleton (Folin ve Denis 1912, Slinkard ve Singleton 1977). Gallic acid was used as the standard phenolic compound. DPPH• radical-scavenging activity the DPPH• radical scavenging activities of extracts obtained from the mushroom were tested according to the Blois method (Blois, 1958). 1 mM DPPH• solution was used as a free radical, and α-tocopherol and trolox were used as standard antioxidants. ABTS•+ radical-scavenging activity ABTS•+ cation radical scavenging activities were determined according to the study by Re (Re et al. 1999). 2 mM ABTS•+ solution was used as free radical, and α-tocopherol and trolox were used as standard antioxidants. Antimicrobial activity Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 antimicrobial activity was performed using microorganism strains (CLSI, 2006; CLSI, 2008). Extracts were prepared at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Moxifloxacin, ampicillin, and fluconazole used as standard were prepared at 128 µg/ml microscopic analysis Morphological investigations were made in a Jeol JSM 6490LV scanning electron microscope at the Turkish Petroleum International Company (TPAO) Research Centre SEM laboratory, Ankara. Determination of α-Amylase Enzyme Inhibition The dichloromethane extract showed the best α-amylase inhibition activity at 5000 µg/ml with 19.04% (38.65% for acarbose). It showed lower activity than acarbose. Determination of α-Glucosidase Enzyme Inhibition Dichloromethane with 2996 µg/ml IC50 value at 5000 µg/ml and hexane extracts with 2879 µg/ml IC50 value showed the best α-glucosidase inhibition activities (IC50= 3299 µg/ml for acarbose). Other extracts showed lower activity than acarbose. Determination of Total Phenolic Component Butanol extract showed the best total phenolic component with 0.562 µg GAE/ mg extract. Other extracts were found to be lower. DPPH• radical-scavenging activity Butanol extract showed the best DPPH• radical scavenging activity with 1.898% at 100 µg/ml. It was found to be very low compared to the standards (α-tocopherol 91.957%, trolox 93.317%). ABTS•+ radical-scavenging activity Butanol with 16.717% and ethyl acetate extracts with 16.375% showed the best ABTS•+ radical scavenging activities at 60 µg/ml. It was found to be lower than the standards (α-tocopherol 90.127%, trolox 96.597%). Antimicrobial activity Hexane extract showed the best antimicrobial activity against E. coli ATCC 8739, S. aureus ATCC 6538, and C. albicans ATCC 10231 with 125, 250, and 125 µg/ml MIC values, respectively., Microscopic analysis Armillaria mellea the size of the spore was 4-6 micrometers and its shape was determined as spheroidal or elliptical. Acknowledgment: BİLGE Aydın and Enes TEKMAN would like to acknowledge the scholarship during their postgraduate program provided by the Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council (TUBITAK).
KEYWORDS: Armillaria mellea, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, total phenolic