Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
3rd INTERNATIONAL EURASIAN MYCOLOGY CONGRESS (EMC’22), Van, Türkiye, 7 - 09 Eylül 2022, ss.116-117, (Özet Bildiri)
Mushrooms have been vital for a long time as a source of food and used as a medicinal product. In addition to having high nutritional values thanks to the amino acids, minerals, and carbohydrates they contain; they are also used for therapeutic purposes thanks to organic acids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and phenolic compounds. Some studies have reported antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic effects of some mushrooms owing to these secondary metabolites they contain. In addition, it was reported antioxidant, antibiotic, and antineoplastic activities of mushrooms before. Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer belongs to the Agaricaceae family of Basidiomycota. It is populary known as parasol mushroom, an edible species, M. procera has a good taste and very high medicinal value. This species has an erect, high, hollow stem with a large ring. Its cap is quite broad and in adult mushrooms it is umbrella-shaped. It has characteristic brown protrusions on its cap. The cap color is whitish while the body is whitebrown. The edible part of the wild mushroom species is its cap. Its stem is inedible. Many therapeutic activity studies such as enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer of M. procera are available in the literature. In this research, in vitro antidiabetic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of M. procera extracts in different solvents were evaluated and anatomical properties were determined. Materials and the methanolic extract (MPM) were prepared from M. procera by maceration, then the main extract was solved with distilled water (MPW) and fractionated with n-hexane (MPH, dichloromethane (MPD), ethyl acetate (MPEA), and n-butanol (MPB). α-Glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibitory acitivities of mushroom were evaluated for antidiabetic activity. Antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Additionally, total phenolic content was determined. The antimicrobial activity of the mushroom was determined by using microdilution methods against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 (CLSI, 2006; CLSI, 2008). Anatomical investigations were made in a Jeol JSM 6490LV scanning electron microscope at the Turkish Petroleum International Company (TPAO) Research Centre SEM laboratory, Ankara. As a result of antioxidant studies, the MPEA extract showed a radical scavenging effect of 21.11% against ABTS (90.13% for α-tocopherol, and 96.60% for trolox) at 60 μg/mL and 4.80% against DPPH (91.96% for α-tocopherol, and 93.32 % for trolox) at 100 μg/mL. The total phenolic content was found as 3.60 µg GAE/mg extract for MPM (3.60) and 0.23 µg GAE/mg extract for MPB. The total phenolic contents for other extracts were not determined. In our study for antidiabetic activity, at 5000 μg/mL, MPD extract was found the most effective extract with a value of 20.49% in α-amylase inhibition assay (38.65% for acarbose) among six different extracts. In inhibition assay of α-glucosidase (56.59% for acarbose), the MPEA extract is the most effective extract with a value of 7.24% at 5000 μg/mL. In antimicrobial studies, MPD and MPH extracts showed activity against C. albicans with 125 μg/mL MIC value. However, its antimicrobial effect was rather weak compared to the standard (0.5 μg/mL for fluconazole). On the other hand, MPH and MPB extracts displayed efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus with 250 μg/mL MIC values. However, their efficacy is rather weak compared to the standards (>0.125 for ampicillin and >0.125 for moxifloxacin). This study is the first antidiabetic activity evaluation of M. procera. In some studies, methanol extract of M. procera was found to be antioxidant, and antimicrobial. According to anatomy studies, the shape of spore of mushroom was found as ellipse and size of spore long axis was determined as 9-12 μm and size of short axis was found as 7.5-9 μm.
KEYWORDS: Macrolepiota procera, Agaricaceae, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, total phenolic