Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Academic Studies in The Field of Pharmacy, Medicinal Plants Extraction as Neuroprotective Agents, BİLĞİÇ ALKAYA DİLEK,CÜCÜ AYŞEN,ERDOĞAN GÜLBİN,AYAZ SEYHAN SERAP, Editör, Serüven, Ankara, ss.89-112, 2024
The central nervous system (CNS) plays a crucial role in carrying out the
human body’s basic functions. Neurodegenerative disorders occur when there
are anatomical problems with brain or spinal cord function. The increase in
life expectancy has increased the prevalence of common neurodegenerative
disorders and therefore neuroprotection strategies are widely sought. A
recent publication by the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that
almost one billion people currently suffer from neurodegenerative disorders,
with about 6.8 million succumbing to them each year, with such disorders
being more common in developing countries than in developed countries
(Upadhyay, 2014; Kundap et al., 2017). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic
autoimmune condition where the immune system targets the central nervous
system, leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration (Piehl, 2021).
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects neurons in the brain and spinal cord, which
are crucial for cognitive, emotional, motor, sensory, and visual functions.
These neurons are protected by a fatty layer called the myelin sheath, which
facilitates signal transmission. MS leads to the gradual destruction of this
myelin (demyelination), resulting in the impairment of axons in the brain
and spinal cord, potentially causing paralysis (Namjooyan et al., 2014). MS
symptoms appear when the myelin sheath around nerve cells in the central
nervous system (brain and spinal cord) begins to be destroyed and so impaired.
The mechanism responsible for the onset of MS can be summarized in two
reasons: (1) the immune system destroys the myelin sheath and (2) myelinproducing
cells fail to produce new sheaths (Koriem, 2016).