JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION, cilt.284, 2021 (SCI-Expanded)
Water and energy are significant resources for industrial processes. While energy is the main source for the heating and cooling of water to be used in manufacturing processes, water is used to produce energy and as a cleaning agent in the production process, a pollution diluent or as part of the final product. This situation indicates that water and energy are intertwined in industrial processes and they should be considered simultaneously. Mathematical programming methods and pinch analysis are used for water and energy minimization in industrial processes.