Constructing an inert molecular contact using phenyl-connected pyrene for stable perovskite photovoltaics
EES Solar, cilt.2, sa.5, ss.1309-1319, 2026 (Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 2 Sayı: 5
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1039/d6el00087h
- Dergi Adı: EES Solar
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1309-1319
- Marmara Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved efficiencies comparable to commercial photovoltaics, yet their practical deployment remains hindered by poor operational stability. Here, we found that a major instability originates from indium migration in common indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, which generates defects and accelerates degradation. To address this, we employ a stable fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate and design a tailored molecular contact, (4-(pyren-1-yl)phenyl)phosphonic acid (PyPh). This molecular design achieves a deeper HOMO level aligned with FTO and enables denser molecular packing, which collectively enhance charge carrier extraction. Devices based on PyPh interfaces delivered outstanding efficiencies of 26.27% (0.646 cm2) for small-area cells and 22.54% (20.8 cm2) for large-area modules. The small-area devices retained over 96% of their initial efficiency after 1380 hours of continuous operation at 85 °C, while the modules maintain over 92% after 2200 hours at 55 °C. This work establishes a mechanistic understanding of electrode-induced degradation and provides a generalizable strategy toward thermally robust, high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics.