Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF HUMAN KINETICS, cilt.2026, sa.1, ss.1-20, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study investigated the relationship between isometric pull forces measured during land-based simulations and propulsive forces generated in water during arm pulls and leg kicks in butterfly and freestyle swimming techniques. Thirty male competitive swimmers (age: 19.47 ± 2.35 years; FINA points: 626.57 ± 65.21; body height: 184.10 ± 5.14 cm; body mass: 70.61 ± 8.91 kg; training experience: 9.53 ± 2.00 years; BMI: 22.17 ± 2.03 kg/m²) volunteered to participate in the study. Isometric arm pull forces were measured on a swim bench (Vasa Swim Trainer), while aquatic forces were assessed using a custom-built tethered system to isolate kick, pull and full-stroke conditions. The results indicated that arm contribution to propulsion was 66.91% in butterfly and 69.03% in freestyle, while legs contributed 33.09% and 30.97%, respectively. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between land-based and water-based force data and swimming performance. These findings suggest that such simulations can be useful for both short-term performance assessment and long-term training strategy development.