Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Synergizing Sustainability for Integrated Waste Management, Alok Prasad Das,Selcan Karakuş, Editör, Springer Nature Switzerland Ag, Zürich, ss.163-190, 2026
Due to the increase in human population, the migration of large crowds from villages to cities has required an increase in production and this has increased consumption. The rise in production increases the amount of industrial wastes and changes in human consumption behavior increases the amount of domestic wastes. Petrochemical, mining, textile, metallurgical, pharmaceutical and food industries are the leading sources of pollution. Pollution can be released into the environment as gaseous, liquid or solid waste. For example, if gaseous wastes contain hydrocarbon compounds, they can cause the greenhouse gas effect. Gases containing elements such as nitrogen or phosphorus can trigger acid rains. When contaminated water from the plants enters water systems, it can damage the aquatic ecosystem and then the terrestrial ecosystem. Substances such as heavy metals, dyes or pharmaceuticals contained in wastewater can be a threat to the life of all organisms if they get into the soil. Domestic wastes are mostly solid and contain a large proportion of plastic and organic matter. Since it takes centuries for plastics to dissolve in nature, they must be disposed of properly. In addition, if these substances are mixed into water resources in micro-sized pieces, the accumulation of plastics is observed in the metabolism of all living organisms feeding in those water resources. Another important waste type among domestic wastes is oil. The oil used in the cooking area should not be discharged directly into the sewerage system but should be disposed of in a special way. To minimize the negative effects of both factories and consumers on the environment, the first thing to do is to reduce the amount of waste. For this purpose, more durable and long-lasting materials should be used instead of disposable materials. The second stage in waste management is to ensure the reuse of waste material. If the service life of the material has expired and the possibility of reuse is over, it is preferred to recycle the material and use it as raw material in production. For achieving this, wastes must be separated at the source or, if this is not possible, at gathering centers. Waste materials that cannot be utilize in the production process are used for other purposes. For example, many metallic wastes such as iron, aluminum, chrome and bronze etc. can be melted down and reused. Wood wastes can be used as fuel or in the production of items of different sizes. Considering all these, the concept of sustainability should be taken into account for waste management and minimizing negative impacts on the environment. Sustainability is an understanding that covers the whole process from the planning of production to the recycling of waste in order to protect the ecosystem on earth. Accordingly, since it is aimed to realize production with the lowest energy requirement and to utilize wastes as much as possible, it is ensured that the total cost is low and economic efficiency is high.