Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Risk Factors and Therapy of Esophagus Cancer, Omer Engin, Editör, Springer Nature Switzerland Ag, Zug, ss.363-379, 2024
The cervical esophagus is the part of the esophagus that extends from the lower end of the cricoid cartilage to the upper border of the sternum, anatomically close to the larynx and trachea. Cervical esophageal cancer (CEC) is a rare malignancy and represents only a small proportion of all esophageal cancers. Despite the short length of the cervical esophagus, cancers in this region are difficult to manage and require multidisciplinary management. They are usually locally advanced at presentation and may involve nearby structures. Cervical esophageal carcinomas usually have early lymph node spread and involve the larynx, hypopharynx and may extend to the thorax. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) histology predominates in the cervical esophagus, and these cancers are primarily associated with risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use. Depending on the extent of the disease, total esophagectomy and often laryngopharyngectomy are required. Reconstruction is usually performed with gastric, colonic transposition, or jejunal graft. Chemo-radiotherapy is generally recommended for the definitive treatment of cervical esophageal SCC. There are significant differences in practice in the management of cervical esophageal carcinoma worldwide. Cervical esophageal carcinoma can be managed with definitive CRT, neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical resection, surgical resection alone, or surgical resection followed by adjuvant RT.