Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Madakbaş S. (Yürütücü), Türk Z.
Diğer Resmi Kurumlarca Desteklenen Proje, 2018 - 2024
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women and is a prevalent kind of cancerous growth, representing a substantial risk to women’s health. Early detection of breast cancer is essential for effective treatment and improved survival rates. Biomarkers, active substances that signal the existence and advancement of a tumor, play a significant role in the early detection of breast cancer. Hence, accurate identification of biomarkers for tumors is crucial for diagnosing and treating breast cancer. However, the primary diagnostic methods used for the detection of breast cancer require specific equipment, skilled professionals, and specialized analysis, leading to elevated detection expenses. Regarding this obstacle, recent studies emphasize electrochemical biosensors as more advanced and sensitive detection tools compared to traditional methods. Electrochemical biosensors are employed to identify biomarkers that act as unique indicators for the onset, recurrence, and monitoring of therapeutic interventions for breast cancer. This study aims to provide a summary of the electrochemical biosensors that have been employed for the detection of breast cancer at an early stage over the past decade. Initially, the text provides concise information about breast cancer and tumor biomarkers. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis is conducted to systematically review the progress of electrochemical biosensors developed for the stable, specific, and sensitive identification of biomarkers associated with breast cancer. Particular emphasis was given to crucial clinical biomarkers, specifically the human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2). The analysis then explores the limitations and challenges inherent in the design of effective biosensors for diagnosing and treating breast cancer. Ultimately, we provided an overview of future research directions and concluded by outlining the advantages of electrochemical biosensor approaches.
This review highlights recent strides in enhancing the sensitivity,
selectivity, and detection range of electrochemical biosensors tailored
for early breast cancer detection, particularly targeting the prevalent
biomarker HER2. Electrochemical sensors have emerged as practical
instruments renowned for their heightened sensitivity, swift response
times, and user-friendly operation. The findings presented here
demonstrate the future potential of electrochemical techniques as a
substitute approach for early HER2 detection in small quantities. If
developed and improved, they offer opportunities for timely and successful interventions in cancer diagnosis.
In the future, there is an anticipation that electrochemical biosensors
will be widely commercialized, leading to a transformation in the current approach to detection. The commercialization of emerging biosensing technologies depends on overcoming significant challenges in
this field. Among the obstacles encountered are the validation of target
biomarkers, limits of detection (LODs), the detection of multiple
markers from a single sample “one-blood-drop”, the inadequate incorporation and reporting of fundamental statistical concepts, such as error
calculations and significant tests, throughout biosensor design and
fabrication processes within sensing manuscripts, the imperative of
large-scale sample validation, attainment of clinically meaningful
sensitivity and specificity, sample handling encompassing processing,
purification, and amplification, cost efficiency, streamlining the automation of intricate bioanalytical procedures, and mitigation of interference and false positives originating from environmental
contaminants.
Consequently, further investigation is warranted to assess the reliability and diagnostic efficacy of electrochemical biosensors within
clinical settings, facilitating broader adoption for early detection of
HER2 protein in patients with breast cancer. Additionally, to fill the gaps
and provide reliable results in early breast cancer detection the combination of emerging trends in biosensor technology with the different
approaches of electrochemical biosensors could provide great benefits in
the future.